A  process for the reduction of alkalinity in a water supply. It is  generally accomplished by a chemical feed processor combined cation and  anion exchange systems.

The  removal from solution of inorganic salts by means of adsorption by ion  exchange resins of both the cations and the anions that comprise the  salts.

The  removal of excess or free chlorine from a water supply by adsorption  with activated carbon or by catalytic type filter media.

The  degradation of an ion exchange resin structure by destruction of the  crosslink polymer as the result of aggressive attack by chlorine, ozone,  hydrogen peroxide, or heat. Decrosslinking causes increased moisture  content in an ion exchange resin and the physical swelling of the beads.

The  removal of dissolved gasses from water such as carbon dioxide, methane,  hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. This can by done by subjecting the water  to below atmospheric pressure, or by passing air through the water at  atmospheric pressure.

The  removal of the ionized minerals and salts (both organic and inorganic)  from a solution by a two-phase ion exchange procedure. First, positively  charged ions are removed by a cation exchange resin in exchange for a  chemically equivalent amount of hydrogen ions. Second, negatively  charged ions are removed by an anion exchange resin for a chemically  equivalent amount of hydroxide ions. The hydrogen and hydroxide ions  introduced in this process unite to form water molecules. The term is  often used interchangeably with demineralization. The cation resin is  regenerated with an acid and the anion resin is regenerated with sodium  hydroxide (caustic soda).

The pressure drop or loss in psi between the inlet and the outlet of a water conditioner as the water flows.

The mass under specified conditions of a unit volume of a solid sorbent including its pore volume and inter-particle voids.

The  removal of dissolved inorganic solids (salts) from a solution such as  water to make it free of dissolved salts. Typically accomplished by  reverse osmosis, distillation, or electrodialysis.

Usually  refers to synthetic detergent, but can be any material with cleansing  powers such as soap, alkaline materials, synthetic detergents, solvents,  and abrasives. Synthetic detergents are known as surfactants which foam  and act like soap but are not made from fatty acids and lye.

The  separation of components of a solution by diffusion through a  semi-permeable membrane which is capable of passing certain ions or  molecules while rejecting others.

A  carbonate mineral of calcium and magnesium found in nature in extensive  beds of compact limestone and marble that are rich in carbonate.

A  pipe or conduit from a water conditioning unit used to carry backwash  water, regeneration wastes and/or rinse water to a drain or waste system  by gravity.

National  Primary Drinking Water Standards are established by the U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are health related and establish  the maximum contaminant levels (MCL's) for regulated substances in  drinking water. A MCL is the highest permissible level of a contaminant  allowed in water delivered to the consumer's tap. These standards relate  to public water systems. National Secondary Drinking Water Standards  are also issued by the EPA and pertain to aesthetic characteristics of  water and are recommended only. Drinking Water Standards

Abbreviation for Drainage, Waste, and Vent. A name for copper or plastic tubing used for drain, waste, or venting pipes.